What process describes how individuals come to believe their engagement in violence is justified?

The correct choice, radicalization, refers to the process through which individuals adopt extreme beliefs and behaviors, often justifying violent actions in pursuit of those beliefs. This transformation can occur through various influences, including social, ideological, or emotional factors, often leading individuals to perceive their violent actions as morally or socially justified.

Radicalization involves a shift in identity and perspective, where individuals may come to feel that violence is a necessary means to achieve their goals or defend their interests. This process can often be fueled by exposure to extremist ideologies, personal experiences, or social networks that legitimize and promote violence as acceptable or even heroic.

The other options, while related to the broader context of violence and conflict, do not specifically address this psychological and ideological shift towards justifying violence. Extremism generally refers to holding radical views and beliefs, mobilization is about organizing and preparing for action, and insurgency pertains to organized movements seeking to overthrow a government through rebellion. Each of these plays a role in the broader landscape of conflict but does not encapsulate the internal process of justification for violence that characterizes radicalization.